A BIG EDIT (after I've had a night of sleep to articulate clearly):
After more playing around with it, I'm editing my first post. I think the problem is that it's not getting a DHCP address on ethernet. I used the IP address the Pogoplug used when it was running the barebones linux with no flash drive installed, which should also be the IP address when on Arch since Tomato router assigns the same IP to the same MAC consistently. When I plug in a flash drive with Arch on it (either one of my old Arch rootfs or a freshly made one), it's probably booting up, but never successfully getting an IP address for some reason.
However, this problem isn't the Arch installation. The rootfs flash drives (both fresh one and two old ones) work fine on other Pogoplugs, where they get IP address via ethernet, and can also connect to wireless via wireless USB adapter.
When I use these rootfs flash drives on this "bad" Pogoplug, it never gets an IP address when connected to ethernet. All my spare rootfs flash drives are set up to use any USB wireless adapter to connect to the home wireless. If I use a wireless USB adapter, it works. I get it to connect to the wireless network via USB adapter and I can ssh in.
And it's not that the "bad" pogoplug has a ethernet port is bad either. It gets an IP address and I can ssh in when it boots to barebones linux with no drives attached.