I've written a script to create an Arch chroot on my Chromebook. See it at https://github.com/gsf/archrome.
I haven't tried to port crouton like the awesome chroagh. Instead, archrome quickly sets you up with just about the least you need to build Arch up inside the chroot. I only use it as a development environment to SSH into locally, but I imagine it could handle a GUI.
Issues and pull requests appreciated.