Are you trying to run XBMC in standalone mode under X and does the X log contain any useful error messages/warnings?
Hardkernel apparently compiles their own kernels/drivers and such as well as patched versions of xorg-server and xbmc -- the only way I was able to get accelerated graphics (and graphics in general) working properly was to use their stuff. For example, apparently mesa needs to be build without egl and have special mali headers to work properly. For Arch, this ODROID gentleman, and others, have done a lot of the work of getting everything to work right on the U2/3 and created PKGBUILDs based on the latest Hardkernel kernel release with Mali r4p0, latest xorg-server etc.
https://github.com/gripped/odroid-u2-pkgbuilds. From there, you want linux-odroidu-r4p0 (headers are avail too), mesa-noegl, mali-odroid-r4p0, x86-video-armsoc-dsd, and xorg-server-dsd.
You'll also need an xorg.conf that looks something like the one in the latest goodies HK put out for r4p0 (
http://builder.mdrjr.net/tools/mali-r4p0.txz has a sample). The armsoc driver isn't quite as fast as yet as the fbturbo driver but it still performs well enough in my experience to decode fullscreen 1080 video without any slowdown and XBMC should run fine. I don't think fbturbo currently works properly with r4p0 but I may be wrong.
This post has instructions for building the latest version of xbmc to play nice with the exynos soc/U2/3:
http://forum.odroid.com/viewtopic.php?f=0&t=4823&p=40975&hilit=xbmc#p40975. Hope this helps!