Well you have a mess on the drive. Hybrid MBR is gone, MBR has overlapping partitions - I don't even know how that is possible. looks like your data partition is gone and there's no way to recover it unless you know exactly how it was partitioned before. If you dom then delete current MBR table and create a new one which is exactly the same as your old in terms of partition size. Your data should still be on there.
IF you don't care about the data, just cretae a completely new partition table and extract tarball on to the first one given that you are booted from the USB stick.