The power supply chip on mine is a TNY279P
http://www.powerint.com/sites/default/files/product-docs/tny274-280.pdf There is a whole family of those chips running from 274 to 280, larger numbers giving slightly more wattage, so there's a simple repair and upgrade if it's just the chip that's gone. I've been tempted from time to time to glue a heatsink on mine but even though I pull the pogoplug apart every six months to a year or so to have a look I've never seen the slightest sign of overheating on the circuit board.
The PSU supplies 12V so a phone charger probably wouldn't work, but one from an old external HDD might, although as most of those are rated at 1A you'll only get 12W or so, rather than the 18W continuous, 32W peak that the internal supply claims to give, so you mighty have to watch what peripherals you plugged in.