But U-Boot on sata installed will not survive a dead disk either

If you copy the uuid to the new disk, that new file system will share the UUID.
see> tune2fs -U uuid device
So, it can survive a dead disk.
Here the explanation from the man page of tune2fs:
$this->bbcode_second_pass_code('', '
-U UUID
Set the universally unique identifier (UUID) of the filesystem
to UUID. The format of the UUID is a series of hex digits sepa‐
rated by hyphens, like this:
"c1b9d5a2-f162-11cf-9ece-0020afc76f16". The UUID parameter may
also be one of the following:
clear clear the filesystem UUID
random generate a new randomly-generated UUID
time generate a new time-based UUID
')
It is just stored in the filesystem.
The only other option is to put ehci hcd driver into a module and load it later. In fact on USB boot it is the best way you use uuid, anything else is just not predictable.