After this nearly made me crazy on weekend because it came together with a migration between devices, I just recognized that mosquitto with websockets is broken with the latest versions and I thought perhaps someone will also run into this issue, so he/she can find some information about this in the forum, as it its a typciall usecase for ARM devices (e.g. MQTT with owntracks).
If you use mosquitto with a websocket listener (doesn't matter if default or additional one) your complete mqtt broker will be kind of broken, also the mqtt protocol listener.
After some testing I found that, with recompilation of libwebsockets-3.1.0, removing following line in the PKGBUILD:
$this->bbcode_second_pass_code('', '
-- -DLWS_UNIX_SOCK=ON \
')
and mosquitto-1.6.3 everything just works fine. I'm not really deep into it, so I was not too motivated to dig into a real solution or where to place a bug report (mosquitto or libwebsockets).
If you don't have the packages in your cache, you could also just get the PKGBUILDS in the package search function on the main page