After installing Arch Linux ARM on the internal flash memory (mmcblk0) of my Samsung Series 3 Chromebook, I lost the ability to boot from the USB ports and the SDcard slot.
After some searching, I found out how to do so.
pacman -S vboot-utils
crossystem dev_boot_USB=1 dev_boot_signed_only=0
Then, you can boot from USB / sdcard slot again! Woohoo!
I'm thinking that this solution may work for any Chromebook (ARM, x86) after installing an alternate operating system on the internal storage.
I hope this helps you, and that you don't have Togo through the headaches that I have gone through while trying to resolve this issue.