Thanks, summers.
I haven't got ahold of an SD card yet (hopefully arriving on Wednesday) so I'm trying to get to the uboot console to take a look at the fdt -- to see if I can identify the path my emmc appears under. Unfortunately I'm not even able to get into the console. Some sources suggest pressing Escape rapidly during the reboot sequence will interrupt it, but either that isn't accurate for the version of uboot I'm using, or USB isn't initialised early enough for my keypresses to register. I could just try your configuration, but unfortunately my laptop (which is the only SD card reader I have) is refusing to boot right now, so I can't revert my changes if I break it.
Bah, I'll post an update when things are a little less grim.